Geography+Year+10

__Topic 9 Coastal Management __ __Coastal Management __ // The coasts of Australia are special and popular // // places. In Australia most people prefer to live near the coast. //

Nine out of ten Australians live within 50 kilometres of the coast. By the year 2030, it is estimated that 21 million people are likely to live near the coast.

As well as being the favourite place to live, the coast is the most popular destination for tourists and visitors of all ages.

Industry is also drawn to coastal areas because of access to transport. Nearly 50 per cent of Australia's gross domestic product is produced in coastal urban areas.

It is clear that Australia's coasts need to be managed.


 * THE COASTAL ZONE **

The coastal zone includes the coastal hinterland and the inner continental shelf as well as everything in between, such as beaches and estuaries.

This includes mountains, flood plains, rivers and lakes, rainforests, wetlands, mangrove areas, estuaries, beaches, etc

Develop so present population can live without endangering the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
 * Sustainable development is the key. **

=Homework: 14/3/2012. =

Use www.beachapedia.com to answer the following questions on deposition and transportation along the coast. You can also use the textbook Geo2 on the school Moodle.

1)Name three geographical processes that shape the coastal environment.

2) What is wave refraction and why does it occur.

3) Name the most common erosional landform along the coast.

4) Explain theoperation of the erosion-accretion cycle.

5) Name the most common depositional landforms on the coast.

6) Briefly describe how a sand dune is made.

=Coastal Erosion on the Gold Coast=

Gold Coast in the 1970s [] []

History of the Gold Coast Beaches [] []

=Coastal Management Revision Websites.=

__Deposition and transportation along the coast.__

Beachapedia

http://www.beachapedia.org/Main_Page

http://www.beachapedia.org/Accretion (put in some other terms from the handout notes).

__Beach cycle__

__Gold Coast Beaches__

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wRkkz0xRKrw&feature=related

http://www.youtube.com/watch?=p9YUpU_ef0wv

__Beach formation__

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0jZ3s_UG8Lw

__Coastal dunes.__

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OiAs1-VCsXs

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=inJXcmr1sqA&feature=related

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tW9JMW8jTkI&feature=related

__Longshore drift__

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zEpfjyto8r0&feature=results_main&playnext=1&list=PL9286AAF25BD9E42E

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EuNKX7McoOw

__Coastal Management__

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AAyEVhH6ShU&feature=related

__**Tweed River Sand Bypass Project**__ []

Classic Kirra [] [] Help save Kirra [] Kirrapoint.org []

Introduction

Australia has close historical ties with Europe and North America

as well as sharing similar values and attitudes.

Australia’s location means that close ties have also been forged

with Asian and Pacific nations; a trend that is likely to continue.

Historical links

Since the early twentieth century Australia has been

actively involved in foreign affairs within and beyond the

Asia–Pacific region. The nations with whom Australia has

strong historical links include:

• the United Kingdom (who colonised Australia)

• the United States (who came to Australia’s

aid in the Second World War)

• New Zealand (who fought alongside Australians as

ANZACs).

Geographical links

(Asian century)

[]

Australia’s current foreign policy reflects the importance

of our geographical location. Building closer economic,

cultural and political relationships with our Asian and

Pacific neighbours is a priority for the Department of

Foreign Affairs and Trade. These relationships aim to

improve and preserve security, wealth and cooperation in

the Asia–Pacific region.

(Interview on Australian Policy first few minutes)

[]

Today Australia maintains and fosters links with countries

in all parts of the world. These links are forged through:


 * • migration || • trade ||
 * • defence || • aid ||
 * • tourism || • communication ||
 * • culture || • sport. ||



Migration

[]

[]

Almost 25 per cent of the 21 million Australians were

born overseas and come from more than 170 countries.

From July 2005 to June 2006, 131 593 people migrated

permanently to Australia. Of these the largest migrant

groups were from the United Kingdom and New Zealand. (see chart)

In the same year over 60 000 people departed Australia

permanently, mainly to New Zealand, United Kingdom

and China.



Trade

Australia’s trade accounts for about one per cent of world

trade totalling about AU$306 billion per year.

Australian trade policies are focusing on the Asia–Pacific region with

eight out of the 10 largest export markets being found

there.

The major Australian exports in 2003 were

tourism, coal, petroleum, gold, iron ore, aluminium,

education, wheat, meat, cars, wool and wine.



Defence

The Australian Defence Force has links with the rest

of the world through joint military exercises, active

combat, and peacekeeping and providing humanitarian

relief. Australia’s military links can be attributed to both

history and to location. Today Australia has particularly

strong defence links and agreements with the United

Kingdom, the United States and New Zealand.

Aid

The Australian Government donates almost AU$3 billion

each year in overseas aid to countries with low living

standards. Most of the nations to whom Australia

provides aid are located in the Asia–Pacific region.

Australia also provides humanitarian aid in cases of

regional emergencies such as natural disasters and war.

Tourism

[]

[]

Each year Australians make more than four million visits

overseas and Australia receives around five million

foreign visitors. According to Tourism Australia,

contribution of tourism to GDP in 2004–05 was

AU$8.1 billion and 550 000 people were employed in the industry.

Communication

Advancing technologyincluding satellite Internet, mobile

phone networks and digital television help to ensure that

Australia is linked to the rest of the world.

In 2004–05:

• 67 per cent of Australian homes had at least one

computer

• 56 per cent of homes were connected to the Internet

• 90 per cent of people had a mobile phone.



Culture

Culture includes art and literature, lifestyles, values, ways

of living together, traditions and beliefs. Traditionally

Australia’s cultural links have been European and

particularly Christian and Anglo-Saxon. Due to the

diverse backgrounds of people who have migrated to

Australia, today the cultural links between Australia and

the rest of the world are many and varied. This can be

most obviously seen in the different restaurants, places of

worship, festivals, books, music, film, entertainment and

television now available in Australia.

Sport

Sport is part of Australia’s lifestyle and national identity. The

increase in the global importance of sport has meant that

Australia had made links with other nations in staging

international sporting events such as the 2000 Olympics

and the 2006 Commonwealth Games.

Many of Australia’s most popular games including cricket, tennis,

rugby union and rugby league originated in the United Kingdom.

The football (soccer) World Cup reflected our

changing patterns of migration and culture in Australia.

Sport

Australia has a long tradition of participation in sport on a global scale. Australian teams have competed internationally for over a century.

Our longest sporting links have been with the United Kingdom where most of our major sports originated. For example, cricket, tennis, rugby.

Sport in Australia has a high national profile, with over seven million people actively participating.

Even though many Australians participate in sport, the greatest interest in sport is at an elite level.

Our global sporting links:

· assist in building a strong national identity

· provide an important avenue of international competition and provide a healthy outlet for national pride

· assist in establishing goodwill and cooperation among nations.

The international profile of Australian sports stars brings publicity for the nation that can improve tourist numbers and attract big events,

which add revenue to the country.

The Olympics The Olympics were first held in ancient Greece over 2000 years ago. They promoted peace and goodwill, and any wars in Greece were stopped for the games. The Olympics were revived in 1896, when they were held in Athens. The man most responsible for their revival and the `father' of the modern Olympics, Pierre de Coubertin, believed that global sport could become a means of promoting peace among nations. The Olympic Games are recognised as the world's greatest global sporting event. They are held in two different venues every four years, as the Summer Olympics and Winter Olympics. In 2000, the Summer Olympics were held in Sydney. In all, 10 651 athletes competed from 199 nations at these games. Sydney attracted 110 000 international visitors. The global television audience was estimated at 4 billion people, watching for over 36 billion viewing hours.